Can We Include All The Columns In Group By Clause

We can group the resultset in SQL on multiple column values. All the column values defined as grouping criteria should match with other records column values to group them to a single record. Most of the time, group by clause is used along with aggregate functions to retrieve the sum, average, count, minimum or maximum value from the table contents of multiple tables joined query's output. The offset PRECEDING and offset FOLLOWING options vary in meaning depending on the frame mode. In ROWS mode, the offsetis an integer indicating that the frame starts or ends that many rows before or after the current row. In RANGE mode, use of an offset option requires that there be exactly one ORDER BY column in the window definition.

Then the frame contains those rows whose ordering column value is no more than offset less than or more than the current row's ordering column value. In these cases the data type of the offset expression depends on the data type of the ordering column. For numeric ordering columns it is typically of the same type as the ordering column, but for datetime ordering columns it is an interval. In all these cases, the value of the offsetmust be non-null and non-negative.

Also, while the offset does not have to be a simple constant, it cannot contain variables, aggregate functions, or window functions. In ROWS mode, the offset is an integer indicating that the frame starts or ends that many rows before or after the current row. In all these cases, the value of the offset must be non-null and non-negative. The UNION operator computes the set union of the rows returned by the involved SELECTstatements. A row is in the set union of two result sets if it appears in at least one of the result sets. The two SELECT statements that represent the direct operands of the UNION must produce the same number of columns, and corresponding columns must be of compatible data types.

The UNION operator computes the set union of the rows returned by the involved SELECT statements. The group by clause is most often used along with the aggregate functions like MAX(), MIN(), COUNT(), SUM(), etc to get the summarized data from the table or multiple tables joined together. Grouping on multiple columns is most often used for generating queries for reports, dashboarding, etc. Expression_n Expressions that are not encapsulated within an aggregate function and must be included in the GROUP BY Clause at the end of the SQL statement. Aggregate_function This is an aggregate function such as the SUM, COUNT, MIN, MAX, or AVG functions. Aggregate_expression This is the column or expression that the aggregate_function will be used on.

There must be at least one table listed in the FROM clause. These are conditions that must be met for the records to be selected. The expression used to sort the records in the result set. If more than one expression is provided, the values should be comma separated. ASC sorts the result set in ascending order by expression.

DESC sorts the result set in descending order by expression. The GROUP BY clause groups together rows in a table with non-distinct values for the expression in the GROUP BY clause. For multiple rows in the source table with non-distinct values for expression, theGROUP BY clause produces a single combined row. GROUP BY is commonly used when aggregate functions are present in the SELECT list, or to eliminate redundancy in the output. The presence of HAVING turns a query into a grouped query even if there is no GROUP BY clause. This is the same as what happens when the query contains aggregate functions but no GROUP BY clause.

All the selected rows are considered to form a single group, and the SELECT list and HAVING clause can only reference table columns from within aggregate functions. Such a query will emit a single row if the HAVING condition is true, zero rows if it is not true. Aggregate functions, if any are used, are computed across all rows making up each group, producing a separate value for each group. When a FILTER clause is present, only those rows matching it are included in the input to that aggregate function. Let us use the aggregate functions in the group by clause with multiple columns. This means given for the expert named Payal, two different records will be retrieved as there are two different values for session count in the table educba_learning that are 750 and 950.

Group by is done for clubbing together the records that have the same values for the criteria that are defined for grouping. When a single column is considered for grouping then the records containing the same value for that column on which criteria are defined are grouped into a single record for the resultset. The GROUP BY clause groups identical output values in the named columns. Every value expression in the output column that includes a table column must be named in it unless it is an argument to aggregate functions. GROUP BY is used to apply aggregate functions to groups of rows defined by having identical values in specified columns. As such, the query emits only a single row and HAVING condition returns either one row or zero if the condition fails.

When the optional WITH ORDINALITY clause is added to the function call, a new column is appended after all the function's output columns with numbering for each row. There's an additional way to run aggregation over a table. If a query contains table columns only inside aggregate functions, the GROUP BY clause can be omitted, and aggregation by an empty set of keys is assumed. ROLLUP is an extension of the GROUP BY clause that creates a group for each of the column expressions.

Additionally, it "rolls up" those results in subtotals followed by a grand total. Under the hood, the ROLLUP function moves from right to left decreasing the number of column expressions that it creates groups and aggregations on. Since the column order affects the ROLLUP output, it can also affect the number of rows returned in the result set. It is not permissible to include column names in a SELECT clause that are not referenced in the GROUP BY clause.

The only column names that can be displayed, along with aggregate functions, must be listed in the GROUP BY clause. Since ENAME is not included in the GROUP BYclause, an error message results. To better manage this we can alias table and column names to shorten our query. We can also use aliasing to give more context about the query results. This syntax allows users to perform analysis that requires aggregation on multiple sets of columns in a single query.

Complex grouping operations do not support grouping on expressions composed of input columns. In this case, the server is free to choose any value from each group, so unless they are the same, the values chosen are nondeterministic, which is probably not what you want. Furthermore, the selection of values from each group cannot be influenced by adding an ORDER BY clause. Result set sorting occurs after values have been chosen, and ORDER BY does not affect which value within each group the server chooses. Disabling ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY is useful primarily when you know that, due to some property of the data, all values in each nonaggregated column not named in the GROUP BY are the same for each group.

Statement reads one or more columns for one or more rows in a table. It returns a result-set of the rows matching the request, where each row contains the values for the selection corresponding to the query. Additionally, functions, including aggregation ones, can be applied to the result.

GROUP BY will condense into a single row all selected rows that share the same values for the grouped expressions. An expressioncan be an input column name, or the name or ordinal number of an output column , or an arbitrary expression formed from input-column values. In case of ambiguity, a GROUP BY name will be interpreted as an input-column name rather than an output column name. If you don't use GROUP BY, either all or none of the output columns in the SELECT clause must use aggregate functions.

If all of them use aggregate functions, all rows satisfying the WHERE clause or all rows produced by the FROM clause are treated as a single group for deriving the aggregates. A functional dependency exists if the grouped columns are the primary key of the table containing the ungrouped column. An expression used inside a grouping_element can be an input column name, or the name or ordinal number of an output column , or an arbitrary expression formed from input-column values. Athena supports complex aggregations using GROUPING SETS, CUBE and ROLLUP. GROUP BY GROUPING SETS specifies multiple lists of columns to group on.

GROUP BY CUBE generates all possible grouping sets for a given set of columns. GROUP BY ROLLUP generates all possible subtotals for a given set of columns. The GROUP BY clause is a SQL command that is used to group rows that have the same values. Optionally it is used in conjunction with aggregate functions to produce summary reports from the database. The GROUP BY clause defines groups of output rows to which aggregate functions can be applied.

Thus, if you include a FLOAT or DOUBLE column in a GROUP BY clause, the results might not precisely match literal values in your query or from an original Text data file. Use rounding operations, the BETWEEN operator, or another arithmetic technique to match floating-point values that are near literal values you expect. For example, this query on the ss_wholesale_costcolumn returns cost values that are close but not identical to the original figures that were entered as decimal fractions. In Impala 2.3 and higher, the complex data types STRUCT, ARRAY, and MAP are available. These columns cannot be referenced directly in the ORDER BY clause.

The result of EXCEPT does not contain any duplicate rows unless the ALL option is specified. With ALL, a row that has m duplicates in the left table and n duplicates in the right table will appear max(m-n,0) times in the result set. DISTINCT can be written to explicitly specify the default behavior of eliminating duplicate rows. If you are grouping on something you cannot see the individual values of non-grouped columns because there may be more than one value within each group.

All you can do is report on aggregate functions (sum, count, min & etc) -- these are able to combine the multiple values into a single cell in the result. The SELECT statement used in the GROUP BY clause can only be used contain column names, aggregate functions, constants and expressions. Otherwise, each column referenced in the SELECT list outside an aggregate function must be a grouping column and be referenced in this clause. All rows output from the query that have all grouping column values equal, constitute a group. Use theSQL GROUP BYClause is to consolidate like values into a single row.

The group by returns a single row from one or more within the query having the same column values. Its main purpose is this work alongside functions, such as SUM or COUNT, and provide a means to summarize values. The GROUP BY clause is often used with aggregate functions such as AVG(), COUNT(), MAX(), MIN() and SUM(). In this case, the aggregate function returns the summary information per group.

For example, given groups of products in several categories, the AVG() function returns the average price of products in each category. In the SQL-92 standard, an ORDER BY clause can only use output column names or numbers, while a GROUP BY clause can only use expressions based on input column names. The result of INTERSECT does not contain any duplicate rows unless the ALL option is specified. With ALL, a row that has m duplicates in the left table and n duplicates in the right table will appear min times in the result set. The INTERSECT operator computes the set intersection of the rows returned by the involved SELECT statements. A row is in the intersection of two result sets if it appears in both result sets.

Multiple function calls can be combined into a single FROM-clause item by surrounding them with ROWS FROM( ... ). The output of such an item is the concatenation of the first row from each function, then the second row from each function, etc. Aggregates applied to all the qualifying rows in a table are called scalar aggregates.

An aggregate function in the select list with no group by clause applies to the whole table; it is one example of a scalar aggregate. In the result set, the order of columns is the same as the order of their specification by the select expressions. If a select expression returns multiple columns, they are ordered the same way they were ordered in the source relation or row type expression. The ORDER BY clause specifies a column or expression as the sort criterion for the result set. If an ORDER BY clause is not present, the order of the results of a query is not defined. Column aliases from a FROM clause or SELECT list are allowed.

If a query contains aliases in the SELECT clause, those aliases override names in the corresponding FROM clause. If the WITH TOTALS modifier is specified, another row will be calculated. This row will have key columns containing default values , and columns of aggregate functions with the values calculated across all the rows (the "total" values). All the expressions in the SELECT, HAVING, and ORDER BY clauses must be calculated based on key expressions or on aggregate functions over non-key expressions . In other words, each column selected from the table must be used either in a key expression or inside an aggregate function, but not both.

FILTER is a modifier used on an aggregate function to limit the values used in an aggregation. All the columns in the select statement that aren't aggregated should be specified in a GROUP BY clause in the query. Adding a HAVING clause after your GROUP BY clause requires that you include any special conditions in both clauses. If the SELECT statement contains an expression, then it follows suit that the GROUP BY and HAVING clauses must contain matching expressions.

It is similar in nature to the "GROUP BY with an EXCEPTION" sample from above. In the next sample code block, we are now referencing the "Sales.SalesOrderHeader" table to return the total from the "TotalDue" column, but only for a particular year. Like most things in SQL/T-SQL, you can always pull your data from multiple tables.

Performing this task while including a GROUP BY clause is no different than any other SELECT statement with a GROUP BY clause. The fact that you're pulling the data from two or more tables has no bearing on how this works. In the sample below, we will be working in the AdventureWorks2014 once again as we join the "Person.Address" table with the "Person.BusinessEntityAddress" table. I have also restricted the sample code to return only the top 10 results for clarity sake in the result set. Another difference is that these expressions can contain aggregate function calls, which are not allowed in a regular GROUP BYclause. They are allowed here because windowing occurs after grouping and aggregation.

This left-hand row is extended to the full width of the joined table by inserting null values for the right-hand columns. Note that only the JOINclause's own condition is considered while deciding which rows have matches. While the first query is not needed, I've used it to show what it will return. When two tables are joined, you can think of that result as of some intermediate table that can be used as any other tables (e.g. for calculations using aggregate functions, in subqueries).

If specific tables are named in a locking clause, then only rows coming from those tables are locked; any other tables used in the SELECT are simply read as usual. A locking clause without a table list affects all tables used in the statement. If a locking clause is applied to a view or sub-query, it affects all tables used in the view or sub-query. However, these clauses do not apply to WITH queries referenced by the primary query. If you want row locking to occur within a WITH query, specify a locking clause within the WITH query. Another difference is that these expressions can contain aggregate function calls, which are not allowed in a regular GROUP BY clause.

Note that only the JOIN clause's own condition is considered while deciding which rows have matches. Criteriacolumn1 , criteriacolumn2,…,criteriacolumnj – These are the columns that will be considered as the criteria to create the groups in the MYSQL query. There can be single or multiple column names on which the criteria need to be applied. SQL does not allow using the alias as the grouping criteria in the GROUP BY clause. Note that multiple criteria of grouping should be mentioned in a comma-separated format.

How Much Does Windows 11 Cost In India

The Redmond-based tech giant is rolling out the update in a phased manner, which means not all PCs are officially supported yet. According to the company, all existing devices will be eligible for the update by mid-2022. Windows 11 comes with a revamped user interface that brings a new start experience, a refreshed taskbar, a new way to manage windows, and redesigned Microsoft store. The new OS also offers improved gaming capabilities and the icing on the cake is that it carries support for Android apps.

Here's everything you need to know about how to download Microsoft 11, system requirements, and new features. If your existing Windows 10 PC is running Windows 10 20H1 or later and meets the minimum hardware specificationsit will be able to upgrade to Windows 11. The upgrade rollout plan is still being finalized, but for most devices already in use today, we expect it to be ready sometime in early 2022. Not all Windows 10 PCs that are eligible to upgrade will be offered to upgrade at the same time. To see if your PC is eligible to upgrade, refer to our knowledge base for a list of tested systems. Once the upgrade rollout has started, you can check if it is ready for your device by going to Settings/Windows Updates.

Similar to how end users are notified when updates are available in Windows 10, end users will see an indication in the notification areas of the taskbar in the bottom right, that the upgrade is available. More information on how that is presented will be available at a later date. Additional desktop notification options may be also be added at a later date.

If your existing Windows 10 PC is running Windows 10 20H1 or later and meets the minimum hardware specifications it will be able to upgrade to Windows 11. To see if your PC is eligible to upgrade, refer to the specifications here. Warren noted that he rarely used the Widgets panel or Microsoft Teams, citing that he preferred the weather display that later versions of Windows 10 offered, and didn't use Teams to communicate with his friends and family. He also acknowledged the expansion of Microsoft Store to include more "traditional" desktop applications. Overall, he concluded that "I wouldn't rush out to upgrade to Windows 11, but I also wouldn't avoid it. After all, Windows 11 still feels familiar and underneath all the UI changes, it's the same Windows we've had for decades."

In October 2019, Microsoft announced "Windows 10X", a future edition of Windows 10 designed exclusively for dual-touchscreen devices such as the then-upcoming Surface Neo. Legacy Windows applications would also be required to run in "containers" to ensure performance and power optimization. Microsoft stated that it planned to release Windows 10X devices by the end of 2020. Internet Explorer has been replaced by the Chromium-based Microsoft Edge as the default web browser, and Microsoft Teams is integrated into the Windows shell.

Microsoft also announced plans to allow more flexibility in software that can be distributed via Microsoft Store, and to support Android apps on Windows 11 . Cunningham concluded that "as I've dug into and learned its ins and outs for this review, I've warmed to it more", but argued that the OS was facing similar "public perception" issues to Windows Vista and Windows 8. A redesigned user interface is present frequently throughout the operating system, building upon Fluent Design System; translucency, shadows, a new color palette, and rounded geometry are prevalent throughout the UI. A prevalent aspect of the design is an appearance known as "Mica", described as an "opaque, dynamic material that incorporates theme and desktop wallpaper to paint the background of long-lived windows such as apps and settings".

Windows 11 features AI-driven widgets that slide in from the left side of the display. Windows updates will be 40 percent smaller than before, and they will run in the background. It also brings support for new features and haptic feedback on certain styluses. An operating system or an OS is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the system software in a computer system.

Application programs usually require an operating system to function. Even for hardware functions like memory allocation, the operating system acts as a link between programs and the computer hardware. Operating systems did not exist in their modern, complex form before 1960s and now they can be found on almost any device that contains a computer from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.

Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS. All these, except Windows and z/OS, share roots in UNIX. Flipkart houses a variety of operating systems in its collection that will suffice the needs of different users and meet the requirements of different systems. Shopping has never been so simple, buy operating systems online without stepping out of your home and rest assured of a fast delivery on purchase. Flipkart values its customers and ensures products purchased are delivered within a couple of days of being bought. Shop online for the operating system of your choice and browse through the offers and deals on Flipkart.

You can own the best products without hassles thanks to the different payment modes - credit cards, cash or card on delivery and net banking. The secure payment processing ensures that the data of your transaction with us remains safe and confidential. Buy operating systems online and you can avail our refund or replacement scheme if the product you bought is not to your liking. Owning an original version of an operating system has never been so easy, all thanks to India's biggest online megastore, Flipkart. Microsoft has officially released Windows 11 in its stable form, and the new update is free for existing Windows 10 users on compatible PCs worldwide. Microsoft expects all eligible devices will have access to the free Windows 11 upgrade by mid-2022.

The update was released a day earlier to its planned launch date of 5 October. Perhaps the most important thing to know about the release of Windows 11 is that we should expect it to change significantly over the next few years. I've been using beta versions of Windows 11 for a month in the lead-up to writing this review, and it seems like every few days there's a minor new feature or redesigned app to check out. We may not see that feature fully realized in Windows until next year.

At least 16GB of RAM The basic system requirements of Windows 11 differ significantly from Windows 10. Windows 11 only supports 64-bit systems such as those using an x86-64 or ARM64 processor; IA-32 processors are no longer supported. Thus, Windows 11 is the first ever consumer version of Windows not to support 32-bit processors and 16-bit software . The minimum RAM and storage requirements were also increased; Windows 11 now requires at least 4GB of RAM and 64GB of storage. The compatibility list includes the Intel Core i7-7820HQ, a seventh-generation processor used by the Surface Studio 2, although only on devices that shipped with DCH-based drivers.

Citing security considerations, the system requirements for Windows 11 were increased over Windows 10. While the OS can be installed on unsupported processors, Microsoft does not guarantee the availability of updates. Windows 11 also drops support for 32-bit x86 CPUs and devices which use BIOS firmware.

Minor complaints aside, we like to see Microsoft giving its marquee software some attention. For the last few years, the company has focused more on its Azure cloud computing services—justifiably given that business's profitability. Windows 11 brings slick new looks, useful new tools, updated default apps, extra capabilities, and performance advances. Perhaps that's enough to lure away some Chrome OS users or Mac users. Regardless, it's still early days for the desktop OS that's used on 1.3 billion PCs, so we look forward to Microsoft fine-tuning and perfecting Windows 11's design in future updates.

Windows 11, unfortunately, ditches a couple of its best tablet- and touch-friendly features. Most importantly, you can no longer swipe in from the left to open the task-switching view, a gesture I use all the time on my Surface Go tablet. This omission is less of a big deal because you can still hit the X in the window's upper right corner as you'd do in desktop mode. Again, though, for a handheld device, the down-swipe is more direct and requires less dexterity. There are, however, new three-finger swipe gestures to show the Task View and to minimize and app on the desktop.

And you can, of course, use the Task View button in the Taskbar, but that's not as immediate as a swipe of the thumb. I'd argue that switching tasks is more important to tablet users than accessing Widgets, the new result of that gesture, too. Windows 11, first introduced back in June, delivers a sleeker look compared to its previous versions. New features include support for Android apps, more detailed widgets, an update to layouts for snapping applications to the screen and a completely revamped Microsoft Store.

Windows 11 also includes a new user interface, a redesigned Start menu, Microsoft Teams integration, and much more. Original equipment manufacturers can still ship computers without a TPM 2.0 coprocessor upon Microsoft's approval. Some third-party software may refuse to run on unsupported configurations of Windows 11. As part of the minimum system requirements, Windows 11 only runs on devices with a Trusted Platform Module 2.0 security coprocessor.

According to Microsoft, the TPM 2.0 coprocessor is a "critical building block" for protection against firmware and hardware attacks. In addition, Microsoft now requires devices with Windows 11 to include virtualization-based security , hypervisor-protected code integrity , and Secure Boot built-in and enabled by default. The operating system also features hardware-enforced stack protection for supported Intel and AMD processors for protection against zero-day exploits. Microsoft has launched its much-awaited Windows 11 after six years in an online event. The company called Windows 11 'next-generation' of Windows due to an extensive change in its design as compared to its predecessor. Microsoft has finally officially unveiled its new Windows 11 with better organized features and new UI in the design of its next generation operating system in a big event on June 24.

The company has updated centrally placed Start menu, upgraded widgets, and changed all-new boot screen and start-up sound. If the Microsoft Surface family of products isn't your style though, other brands like Dell, Asus and HP have all released pages online that specify what devices are Windows 11 ready. Note that many won't come with the new operating system installed, but as they all meet the minimum system requirements, you can simply buy the laptop or 2-in-1 as normal and then update it yourself. Unveiled in June, Windows 11 is designed as Microsoft's most advanced operating system for PCs.

The new version brings a fresh user interface that includes a centrally aligned Start menu and upgraded fonts as well as notification sounds. It also integrates Microsoft Teams to let users connect with others over chat, voice, or video calls. Windows 11 also improves multitasking with Snap Layouts and Groups.

It also supports multiple desktops and carries a range of accessibility features such as Narrator, Magnifier, Closed Captions, and Windows Speech Recognition. If you have a Windows 10 laptop or desktop, chances are your device will get Windows 11 for free. Microsoft will distribute Windows 11 the same way it did with Windows 10 that was launched five years back.

However, your PC needs to meet minimum hardware requirements which include 4GB of RAM, 64GB of free storage space and a 64-bit processor. The device will have onscreen and in-camera translation tools that can read aloud text from messages, web pages, apps and photos. Google is also promising to deliver regular Android security updates for the JioPhone Next. It will also feature an upgraded camera over other low-end handsets, complete with improved nighttime and low-light photos and a HDR mode. The laptop comes installed with Windows 11 Home in S mode, Microsoft 365 Family , 1 month trial of Xbox Game Pass Ultimate, and a suite of pre-loaded Microsoft apps. Additionally, it gets Enterprise-grade protection with Windows Hello face sign-in.

If you are unfamiliar with Microsoft's latest desktop OS, you can check out the best Windows 11 features via the linked article. First-time users should also haveMicrosoft Accountto complete device setup.The other requirements will be updated as soon as Windows 11 will be rolled out. You can refer to our knowledge base for a list of tested systems to determine if your device eligible to upgrade to Windows -11. Many PCs that are less than four years old will be able to upgrade to Windows 11.

They must be running 20H1 or later version of Windows 10 and meet the minimum hardware requirements to receive the Windows 11 upgrade. Windows 11 SE was announced on November 9, 2021, as an edition exclusively for low-end devices sold in the education market, and a successor to Windows 10 S. It is bundled with applications such as Microsoft Office for Microsoft 365, Minecraft Education Edition, and Flipgrid, while OneDrive is used to save files by default. Windows 11 SE does not include Microsoft Store; third-party software is provisioned or installed by administrators. The company has put a lot of focus on the design of its new Windows.

In the new Windows 11, a new start menu has been changed without live tiles. The start menu is different from before and icons have also been given in it. A new position has been given to the taskbar icon which has now been shifted to the centre.

For example, Windows 11 has new Contrast themes, redesigned closed caption themes, and AI-powered Windows Voice Typing. The new OS also adds APIs for programming assistive apps, and even the Windows Subsystem for Linux now has accessibility options. Anyone with one of the newer chips should have no trouble installing Windows 11 via Windows Update. Microsoft made a downloadable ISO disk image file for the beta Insider version available for installing Windows 11, allowing in-place upgrades or clean installations on a PC or in a virtual machine.

A similar installation option is now available for the release version of Windows 11 via the Microsoft's Download Windows 11 page. Some sources have reported that installing the OS with the ISO installer bypasses the system's hardware requirements, but that's not advisable as you may not get future OS updates if you install it on unsupported hardware. Much has been made over the system requirements for Windows 11, but they're very low—1GHz CPU, 4GB RAM, and 64GB storage. A 64-bit processor will be required; there's no longer a 32-bit version of the OS. You'll also need a computer with a TPM security chip and Secure Boot capability.

Those are less of a problem than the internet is making them out to be, as they've been standard on most PCs for the last six or so years. The real limiter is the CPU model, which needs to be from about the last four years. Microsoft recently rereleased the tool that assesses your PC's ability to run Windows 11, the PC Health Check app, and the company announced that more PCs will be able to upgrade to it.

Windows Widgets are back in Windows 11, accessible via the dock, with Microsoft touting AI-powered dynamic features that enable widgets, as with the Start menu, to change depending on the apps you're using and the time of day. On the touchscreen, you can slide from the left on the desktop to have widgets appear. If your PC is running Windows 10, then you can check to see if your device is eligible to upgrade using the PC Health Check app. This will basically check whether your PC meets the minimum system requirements required for Windows 11.

You can then check to see if the Windows 11 upgrade is ready for your specific device by opening Windows Update settings. The second feature here is DirectStorage that promises to greatly enhance the gaming experience by cutting downloading times of games. This appears to be an extension of the attempts being made by Microsoft with the Xbox Series X/S consoles where it has used clever tricks to greatly improve load times of games. However, since Microsoft can only control the software on Windows-based machines, here it is using a system that now pipes game data directly to the graphics card, instead of running it through the CPU to make game loading faster. However, do note that this feature will only be available on select games that support DirectStorage API on a PC with an NVMe SSD and a GPU that supports DirectX12 Ultimate. Apart from this, Windows 11 also offers what Microsoft calls the Desktops feature that gives the user the ability to set up and manage multiple iterations of your desktop.